Reflecting on whether it is in the best interests of the business Essay

Thinking about whether it is to the greatest advantage of the business network for there to be requirements on an administration's circle - Essay Example All things considered, this report takes a gander at the idea of financial and money related approach and usage may influence business explicitly as to speculation. At long last, the report hypothesize that there is little impact coming about because of expansionary financial arrangement and that it has little impact on request, yield, and work. Likewise, the report takes note of the significant job business network should play in financial and money related approach making since they establish the biggest gathering that get influenced by these strategies. Administrative Discretion over Fiscal as well as Monetary Policy Introduction Business exercises are influenced by various components large scale and microenvironment activity condition. While microenvironment now and again might be inside the control of the association, large scale condition â€on the other hand includes outer variables that influence the business, which thusly may characterize the achievement or the disappointm ent of the association. For instance, large scale condition traverses governmental issues, financial aspects, social issues, innovation, enactment, and eco-condition (Elearn Limited and Pergamon Flexible Learning 2005). World of politics especially administrative condition establishes explicit arrangement of outer business condition that business networks in some random nation have been compelled to hold fast to. For instance, financial and monetary strategy process in any nation has influenced business in the positive manner or negative manner given the idea of the specific enactment law. Accordingly, the focal point of this paper will harp on researching and seeing if it is to the greatest advantage of the business network for there to be requirements on government tact over financial and fiscal arrangement. Investigating the idea of financial and money related arrangement Both financial and fiscal approaches are believed to be interrelated and key instruments to the advancement o f numerous nations particularly the creating one. For example, financial strategy establish all estimates that are received so as to expand the general government assistance through the open control of assets by methods for open spending, asset preparation and value obsession in broad daylight and semi-open ventures (Elearn Limited and Pergamon Flexible Learning 2005). Today, financial arrangement has been held onto as a cost of advancement technique when broke down in broadest sense it tends to be seen that it gives a lot of instruments to seek after both the best utilization of assets as far as productivity and value and their greatest conceivable use as far as work, value strength and good pace of development (Mukherjee 2007). Displaying qualities of money related strategy, monetary approach plays out a basic and useful job in the economy and examination has indicated this sort of strategy performs two significant jobs in the economy with respect to raising budgetary assets for a dvancement (Mukherjee 2007). To begin with, financial approach establishes a lot of systems that guarantee the country’s work level is kept up at its full limit and in that capacity, the total ability to spare doesn't go down (Mukherjee 2007). Furthermore, it assists with raising the negligible penchant to spare of the network over the normal affinity to the most extreme degree conceivable without demoralizing work exertion or abusing the law of value (Mukherjee 2007). Financial, along with money related approach, are believed to be two

The role of Multinational Corporations in Developing Economies Essay

The job of Multinational Corporations in Developing Economies - Essay Example Then again, Maheshwari (2006, p.53) for the most part proposes six attributes of a worldwide partnership: (1) works and conveys direct speculation to a few country states; (2) defines and keeps up a modern association; (3) broadly works based on internationally claimed resources; (4) to a great extent moves capital, merchandise, and administrations from home to have nations; (5) moves assets yet doesn't exchange such assets; and (6) oversees not its nearby auxiliaries but rather the nationals or individuals from the host nation. Maheshwari (2006, p.52) quite gives a few instances of MNCs, for example, Goodyear, Pepsi, and Nestle Corporations. These global partnerships work and work in various country states - especially those alleged Third World countries, for example, Indonesia - as their host nations. A large number of the MNC’s home nations are profoundly industrialized countries of which the United States is exceptionally conspicuous. Global enterprise on a very basic level starts from an unassuming start, as it were: firms. At the point when firms immovably choose to become global enterprises, there are fundamental factors that they methodicallly top off or go along to. Maheshwari (2006, p.53) unequivocally contends that the fundamental motivation behind why certain organizations become worldwide enterprises is a direct result of their longing for vertical development. It suggests that these organizations needed to significantly grow their business endeavor from creation towards appropriation. In setting up auxiliaries in other country expresses, these organizations - which at last become worldwide partnerships - significantly try either to amass crude materials from the assets of their host nations or to get worldwide markets for the appropriation or offer of their capital, products, and additionally benefits (Maheshwari, 2006). In the first place, firms seek after a development business so as to secure crude materials from the nations whose common assets are exceedingly bottomless. Regularly, these organizations are

College Admissions Essay Samples - Writers Helping Writers

College Admissions Essay Samples - Writers Helping WritersThere are a number of college admissions essays samples which could be helpful. Sometimes, even the essay is not enough. A perfect essay will contain everything needed to make it interesting and convincing. It should provide a real story, an interesting personality and a deep knowledge of the topic being discussed.College admission sample essays are needed to be written by professionals, especially in this field. You need to avoid any chance of plagiarism. So, you should know all the proper tricks to come up with a great essay. You have to be prepared to work hard and understand the basic ideas, the concepts and the basics of the subject at hand.For the college entrance exam, there are a number of essays samples which are offered by many colleges. These colleges keep and update a list of sample essays, covering different subjects such as science, social sciences, humanities, business, etc. Essays written by students who have p assed the college entrance test are a good source of information and can provide you with a glimpse on how the essay should be written.Writing a college admissions essay can be tricky. It is something that takes a lot of patience and learning. It can be done alone or with some friends or family members. You should ensure that the essay is well composed and that the writer has read extensively on the same topic before he/she starts writing.There are different kinds of essay writing. It may be about the person's personal life, career goals, family life, academic and recreational activities, and other related topics. If you find a college essay sample that appeals to you, you should be able to learn the right way to write it.If you need help in writing your college entrance exam, you can try using the internet. This is a good way to get the essay samples you need for writing an essay. There are plenty of sites online that offer lots of sample essays that have been written by students w ho passed the college entrance test. They will give you a great idea of what it takes to write an essay.If you do not have the time to write your own college entrance essay, you can hire a professional writer to do it for you. You can avail samples from different writers on online and at workshops. Such writers usually charge per essay, so you should plan ahead and calculate the cost of your writing before choosing.If you want to stand out in college, you need to write your essay well. This is where the college admissions essay samples can help you.

Is Good Health an Option or a Responsibility - 1375 Words

Is Good Health an Option or a Responsibility? (Essay Sample) Content: Title: Is Good Health an option or a responsibility?Name:Course:Instructor:Date: April 3, 2012IntroductionGood health is every prudent individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and governmentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ or societies joint responsibility. Good health in this case not only applies to the physical well being of an individual but also includes mental and spiritual wholeness. (Glanz, 5) Good health as a responsibility implies that every individual must make an effort to acquire good health and should be held accountable for their physical and mental well being. The government is also responsible for availing good health as an option by ensuring health care is accessible and affordable for everyone. Individuals to a certain extent are accountable to themselves and to other people for their physical, mental and spiritual well being. The society to a certain extent is also responsible for peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s health.Good health usually is a result of proper nutrition, physical fitness and mental sanity and well being, all of which are majorly a result of deliberate decisions made by individuals. Proper nutrition and good eating habits go a long way in ensuring an individual stays healthy. Illnesses such as cancer, diabetes and heart diseases are among the leading causes of death in the United States. These conditions are also a direct result of lack of physical exercise and poor eating habits. Poor eating habits in this case include too much consumption of food and drink in addition to this food and drink containing harmful ingredients and too much calories. It is bad enough that junk food has become the commonest meal in the United States of America without having individuals not take exercise physically.An average American adultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s lifestyle is usually too busy. It is difficult to make time for physical exercise and decent healthy meals every day. It is easier for busy individuals to forego healthy eating and physical exercise simply because it is easier for the m to and they can. There are numerous cases of individuals succumbing to illnesses such as diabetes and heart diseases which are preventable. Individual responsibility stems from the fact that these individuals can choose to lead healthier lifestyles but they do not. (Wadley, 34)Societal responsibility on the other hand stems from amenities that should be provided by the society that have a direct effect on individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ health. These include the supply of drinking water, refuse disposal and sewage systems. The society in this case is responsible for ensuring proper sanitation, clean drinking water and a healthy environment. Schools should be held accountable for the kind of nutrition they offer children in schools. They are also responsible for the studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ physical activities. They decide what physical activities students take part in, how long they engage in physical activities and whether or not these activities are compulsory. They also decide the kinds of f ood stuff availed to students. As much as individuals decide whether or not to consume junk food, their poor eating habits are supported by the easy availability of junk food in schools, at most if not all work places and in many homes. Access to these foods has been made easy by the availability of vending machines for junk food and soft drinks in schools, at the work place, in malls and in strategic points in Cities and towns.As for mental well being, the societies as well as individuals play a major role. This especially applies to mental illnesses that result from drug abuse or stress. The society is responsible for ensuring that its members live in a stress free environment. They can do this by making sure neighbourhoods are safe, supporting policies against overworking, ensuring the minorities are protected from all kinds of abuse whether physical, verbal or emotional and generally assisting poor people especially those who lack basic needs; shelter, clothing and food.The soci ety should be held responsible for educating the public especially on the dangers of poor eating habits and lack of exercise. They need to ensure that the public makes informed choices especially in response to adverts. Advertising has been found to affect individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ decisions concerning consumption because it impacts on psychological choices. Junk food manufactures and sellers have taken advantage of the effect advertising plays on peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s psychology and decision making to encourage the consumption of junk food. The society is responsible for ensuring that the population is fully informed especially on the dangers of consuming these foods.America is one of the biggest spenders on health care and medical care. Yet many of the illnesses that require vast resources, expensive equipments and expensive medication are conditions that result from leading an unhealthy lifestyle. For instance, cancer equipment is one of the most expensive medical equipment. Treating d iabetes is also an expensive venture. Both conditions result from poor eating habits. It is important to remember that the vast amounts of money spent on health care every year are covered by tax payers. This of course is in a bid to ensure that health care is readily available since everyone has a right to health care and medication. However, this has brought the issue of moral hazard in the country. People choose risky lifestyles and are not keen on observing healthy lifestyles partly because medical care is so readily available should they succumb to any illness. Everyone has a responsibility to ensure that this money is not spent unnecessarily. Illnesses that can be prevented should be prevented by all means and vast amounts of tax payersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ money saved. Tax payers should be forced to pay for persons who choose risky lifestyles. In this case, individuals have a responsibility towards tax payers, not to burden them unnecessarily with having to finance treatment for medica l conditions that are easily preventable. Individuals are responsible for protecting against future illnesses. For instance, it is their responsibility to ensure they have medical cover at all times just in case.Treating HIV/AIDs and other STDs has also proven to be quite expensive in addition to some of them being incurable. In spite of this, young people especially continue to engage in promiscuous behaviour endangering their own and other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s lives and well being. In this case, it is every individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s responsibility to ensure that they refrain from promiscuous behaviour with or without protection because the kind of protection available is not 100 percent safe. In cases such as these especially, whereby, an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s health status could affect another individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s health, good health can be viewed as a responsibility. Therefore, individuals have a responsibility towards fellow human beings...

The Effects Of Exercise On Motor And Symptoms Of Parkinson...

Each relevant article selected is summarized. Table 1 provides details regarding design, populations, and outcomes for each study. Article One: Dashtipour, K; Johnson, E; Kani, C; Kani, K; Hadi, E; Ghamsary, M; Pezeshkian, S; Chen, J. J. (2015). Effect of Exercise on Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s disease. (20420080). 2/2/2015, Vol. 2015, 1-5. 5p. The randomized control study by Dashtipour et al, 2015, to compare the effects of Lee Silverman Voice Therapy BIG (LSVT BIG therapy) versus a general exercise program (combined treadmill plus seated trunk and limb exercises) on motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), addressed the PICO question directly. The mean age and the stages of PD were more relevant to the population group mentioned in the PICO question. The study was a Level 1b on the scale for evidence, as this was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine [OCEBM], 2011). This study was also rated 5/10 on the PEDro scale (PEDro, 1999). Dashtipour et al, 2015 randomly assigned eleven patients with early-mid stage PD to participate in the prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Five patients received general exercise and remaining six received the LSVT BIG therapy. The mean age of the sample was 63.4 years and the female to male ratio was 6:5. The mean number of years since diagnosis was 3.8 (SD = 2.4). Both groupsShow MoreRelatedParkinson s Disease Is A Progressive Loss Of Functioning Of The Brain1361 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive loss of functioning of the brain that results in stiffness, trembling and loss of fine motor control. This disease mainly affects the neurons in the particular area called the substantia nigra with a total loss of dopamine, the absence of these dopamine-producing cells causes the loss of the brain’s ability to control the body movements progressively (Parkinson’s disease, 2016). Parkinson’s disease is very common, with about 70000 Australians asRead MoreEssay about What is Parkinsons Disease?1415 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting primarily the patient’s motor function. The disease is characterized by rigidity, tremor at rest, bradykinesis, and decreased postural reflexes (Bollinger, Cowan, LaFontaine, Ronai, 2012). Parkinson disease was largely documented and brought to the forefront by James Parkinson, who published an article discussing the condition in 1817 (Lees, 2007). While great strides in understanding and treatment have been made, Parkinson diseaseRead MoreParkinson s Disease And Its Effects1299 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s Disease An estimated eight million people are living worldwide with Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s is a disease where the nerve cells, called neurons die in your brain. These neurons that die produce a brain chemical, dopamine which is a neurotransmitter. As the neurons die or become damaged the lack of dopamine creates the symptoms and disease. The neurons that die are located in your Substantia Nigra in the brain. The nerve cell affects your entire nervous system. The neurons transmitRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship between Parkinson s disorder and its connection to the anatomy of the human body. Parkinson s is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement due to the loss of Dopamine. Dopamine which is a neurotransmitter located in the brain allows signals to be transported from one nerve cell to another. Its purpose is to regulate both movement and cognition. The loss of these chem ical messengers can cause both stiffness of the body and tremors, which are two common effects of ParkinsonRead MoreParkinson s Disease : Disease3496 Words   |  14 Pages Parkinson s disease Twanda H. Lewis North Carolina Wesleyan Dr. Quinan Parkinson s Disease Twanda H. Lewis North Carolina Wesleyan Dr. Quinan Outline Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Symptoms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Tremor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ 6 Slow Movement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Rigid Muscles†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Disfigured Posture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 LossRead MoreParkinson Disease ( Pd )1350 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016). The cause of Parkinson disease, defined by Robert Hauser, who isRead MoreA Summary On Parkinson s Disease2850 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction In 1817, James Parkinson first described a disease, later to be known as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) as a; neurodegenerative disorder affecting the physical, psychological, social, and functional status of individuals (Parkinson Society Canada Staff, 1965). In the time since the disease was first described, the frequency of individuals affected with the disease has increased, with no single cause yet to be identified as the culprit for the onset of the disease. According to the Parkinson’sRead MoreParkinson’S Disease. Abstract. Parkinson’S Disease Is A2430 Words   |  10 PagesParkinson’s Disease Abstract Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity orRead MorePsych Quiz #21202 Words   |  5 Pagestransmit information from one area of the body to another.3. found only in the spinal cord and bone marrow.4. found in primates and humans, but not in other animals. |    | Save Answer |    | 3. (Points: 4)    |    | Multiple sclerosis is a disease that involves:1. the degeneration of the myelin sheath, slowing or interrupting the transmission of neural messages.2. an abnormal increase in the thickness of the myelin sheath, blocking the release of neurotransmitters.3. dendrites becoming brittleRead MoreA Reflection On Care For Parkinson s Disease3450 Words   |  14 PagesA REFLECTION ON CARE FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) and related disorders (PRD) are conditions that influence elderly individuals with most extreme pervasiveness and occurrence rates inside of the age group of 75–85 years. Presence of several other co morbidities associated can eventually affect on the independence and also the life quality (Margarita et al, 2010). Parkinsonism is also a very common disease condition in the elderly population, especially the elderly

The On The Brain Fitness Industry - 939 Words

50 million people in 180 countries have signed up with Lumosity to â€Å"Train their Brains†. ‘Brain training’ is something we do every single minute of the day: when we calculate the total of our shopping list, when we drive safely from home to work with out causing accidents, and even when we communicate with each other. So why pay $14.95 a month to stare at a succession of flying birds to improve our focus? These birds, apparently, will help us forestall mental decline. It may sound absurd when put in this way, but essentially, it is the core of what is being advertised. In the brain fitness industry, much of the focus has been on helping children and teenagers with attention-deficit problems, and on improving cognitive function and academic performance in healthy children and adults. The aim is to develop the brain in such a way that it performs at optimum capacity in five areas: language, memory, problem solving, mental agility and focus. But the question rem ains whether an intervention that challenges the brain — a puzzle, picture, studying or improving skill on a video game — can really raise your intelligence or prevent memory loss? Personally, I cannot give any plausibility to an industry that believes generalized tests can improve an individual’s brain activity with relation to his/her way of life. Instead, I genuinely worry that the outcome of continual practice of generalized â€Å"brain training† games will result in world of like-minded people, with noShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing And Present Research Information Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pageschanges that are required in the human resources division. Official assessments should be performed at least once in each year. Can you give me the feedback on this report please. Kind regards, Jularat Thanganan Fitness centre member feedback brief According to the collected and analyses fitness centre members’ feedback, below are the summary of the analyses results: †¢ The level of customer satisfaction. The term commonly used in the market. It is a measure of the products and services provided by companiesRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Epidemic1099 Words   |  5 Pagestruth is, physical activities and dietary behaviors of young Americans are influenced by many sectors of society. Including; the families and cultures we mature with, schools and communities we are a part of, the food and beverage industries and the entertainment industries. 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WhileRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertisements And Their Effect On Teen Brain1105 Words   |  5 PagesLaxatives: 3 ii. Stimulants 3 iii. Appetite suppressant 3 Weight Loss Advertisements 3 Advertisements About Creams or Patches That Can Burn Fat. 4 False Advertisements and their effect on Teen Brain 5 References 7 Image References 7 â€Æ' Introduction The number of false advertisements in fitness industry have increased in the past few years. Now is the prime time to tell people that they should not blindly trust these advertisements and try to do a little research or consult any health careRead MoreOnline Education Research Paper847 Words   |  4 PagesIt makes sense, these are two massive growth industries and cannabis stores are opening across America like wildfire. With it being legal in a variety of states already and growing, there is plenty of room to grow. From retail store training to the need for growers and chemists. Its far more complicated an industry than many realize and it has opened a wonderful niche to grow into online education through 2018. According to Forbes, the marijuana industry will be creating more jobs than manufacturingRead MoreHistory Of Physical Fitness And Exercise1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of physical fitness and exercise. Physical exercise goes farther back than most people realize. People wouldn’t have thought of it as working out, but rather as a way of life. Centuries ago they did not have the machines and weights we have today, but yet people of that day were in better shape than the people of today. Physical development followed a natural path that was determined by the practical needs of life as well as the need to avoid threats and take advantage of opportunitiesRead MoreEssay on Life is Not a Video Game1698 Words   |  7 Pagessixty dollars each, that means that this game is present in approximately 12,750,000 homes worldwide. Although the gaming industry is a lucrative one, it can also have adverse effects on children and adolescents. Scientific studies, done by researchers and psychologists around the world, show that violent video games can be detrimental in both children and adolescents, modifying brain function, causing overly aggressive behavior, feelings of hostility, paranoia, violence, and childhood obesity. YouthRead MoreThe World Po pulation Is Evolving Ageing And Cognitive Impairment ( Ci ) Is A Fast Growing Problem1722 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated to many lifestyle and health influences As the brain ages it becomes less efficient and less functionally effective thus impairing every aspect of cognition. This is a result of the accumulation of deterioration that leads to the loss of neuronal integrity and ultimately noticeable impaired cognitive functions. It is now well established that oxidative stress is a key risk factor in the etiology of cognitive dysfunctions. The brain is very sensitive to free-radical oxidative damage because

Corporate Governance & Ethics

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Governance Ethics. Answer: Introduction: Plagiarism has often emerged as one of the critical issue about which academic students complain along with their grades and assessment (Lathrop and Foss, 2005). In this context, the present report aims to analyse and examine the reasons behind the punishment given to students for doing plagiarism. Reason for Universities Punishing Plagiarism Plagiarism can be defined as incorporating the opinions and views of other authors in carrying out an academic work without giving them proper credit. It is regarded as cheating and unfair practices by the students studying in the international universities. Plagiarism is considered as strict offense as it is considered as stealing the work of others without giving them proper credibility (Lathrop and Foss, 2005). The international colleges and universities have regarded it as an academic offense and have implemented strict legal rules and policies against the students involved in such fraudulent activities. Plagiarism as a stealing offense is taken as issue of copyright infringement and thus is subjected to be dealt though taking proper legal action (Bloch, 2012). International universities regard it as criminal offense as they consider it as unethical and morally wrong. This is because students engaged in such activities often do not develop the requisite skills that they should obtain through carrying out a specific task provided to them. The completion of a specific academic task requires a student to conduct thorough research by critical evaluation of available sources. This results in enhancing the problem-solving and critical thinking abilities of students (Bloch, 2012). As such, students plagiarising their work are believed to lack appropriate reasoning and critical thinking skills and thus does not fulfil the criteria of completing their academic course. The main objective of international universities behind providing academic tasks to the students is to increase their analytical and reasoning skills. However, plagiarising of work by the students does not result in enhancing their academic skills and competencies. Therefore, internati onal universities undertake plagiarised work as unethical and criminal offense and undertake strict actions against the students involved in such corrupt practice (Lathrop and Foss, 2005). In addition to this, academic students involved in plagiarising also negatively impact the grades of other students. This is because undetected plagiarised work will achieve good grades and therefore will affect the grades of others students who have completed their work ethically. Plagiarism also negatively impacts the brand reputation of the college or university (Pecorari, 2010). The occurrence of plagiarism work by a student of a university implies that teachers or professors in that university are unable to develop the requite skills in the students required for completing a specific task. Thus, universities have implemented strict rules for students involved in plagiarism activities such as huge penalties or legal action to be taken against them (Pecorari, 2010). Conclusion Thus, it can be inferred from the discussion held in the overall report that plagiarism is indeed a serious academic offense and must be avoided by the students. References Bloch, J. 2012. Plagiarism, Intellectual Property and the Teaching of L2 Writing: Explorations in the Detection based Approach. Multilingual Matters. Lathrop, A. and Foss, K. 2005. Guiding Students from Cheating and Plagiarism to Honesty and Integrity: Strategies for Change. Libraries Unlimited. Pecorari, D. 2010. Academic Writing and Plagiarism: A Linguistic Analysis. AC Black.

Terrorism and Ira free essay sample

How is terrorism today a result of past events? Terrorism is a planned illegal act for religious or ideological interests involving serious violence against people or property. The main motives for the terrorists groups are religion, political ideology and nationalism; these are the main factors of the terrorist groups. The terrorist groups I will be analyzing are Al Qaeda, IRA, and PLO. I will examine about how their past events have shaped the way they are today and what I think the main motives are and how there are other factors for these groups. One of the factors that contributed towards the motives of terrorism is religion which was one of the reasons for the formation of Al Qaeda. The terrorist group Al Qaeda was motivated by the factor religion as Al Qaeda wanted the religion Islam to be stricter- this could be seen as their own brand of Islam. The American influence in the Middle East, for example in Saudi Arabia, led to some people in the Middle East wanting to westernize which entailed the religion becoming less strict. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism and Ira or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Al Qaeda’s political ideology is to have a perfect country which is ruled by their specific religion which will be anti-western. Al Qaeda wanted American influence to be removed from the Middle East which is supported by â€Å"Repel America’s aggression against them and overcome them. † The different views of both Al Qaeda’s way of living and America caused the upcoming terrorist acts of 9/11 and the 7/7; I believe this was due to USA’s large involvement with westernization in countries like Turkey which were Islamic. America’s opposing views caused Al Qaeda to want to take action against them especially after their interference in Afghanistan when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait and threatened Saudi because they saw their pro-westernization as an insult to their religion. Evidence to show this is a statement by Al Qaeda Osama Bin Laden ‘the ruling to kill the Americans and their allies-civilians and military- is an individual duty for every Muslim’ this could be one of the factors behind the huge political threat against the USA in the 9/11 bombings. However, when using Bin Laden’s speech it is important to remember that this view is because trying to persuade people to join Al Qaeda therefore it is not completely reliable. A lot of the speeches made by the leaders of Al Qaeda, for example Abdullah Azzam, contain religious language: ‘Allah’ their Islamic god and ‘Jihad’ meaning holy war. The significance of religion for this terrorist organization states that they would do anything for their beliefs- a statement by Osama Bin Laden reiterates this extreme faith â€Å"fight them until there is no turmoil or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah† suggesting that Muslims die for their religion. Al Qaeda’s motives of religion link in with another motive of political ideology, because it connected with the way they wanted their government to be run as Abdullah Azzam believed that the Muslim government was not strict enough! This shows how central to their beliefs religion is. Personally I believe that religion was the most important motive for Al Qaeda as all of their aims such as to destroy the American influence in all Muslim nations’ links to religion as they wanted to stop westernization and prevent the Islamic religion becoming less strict. Furthermore, Al Qaeda is against Communism because they believe Muslim countries should be run by a religious secular one- this political ideology is written in Azzam’s bitter attack against communism called The Red Cancer. The PLO’s motives were not connected to religion like Al Qaeda’s, they were not trying to convert people into the Islamic religion or change a religion however there was conflict between Muslims and Jews with different religious beliefs. The PLO were fighting against the Jewish people because they believed that the Jews had taken over the Palestinian homeland which was in Israel. This then lead to the formation of PLO as they wanted to reestablish their land for nationalist purposes- â€Å"Palestinian people are an integral part of the Arab nation. † The Irish Republican Army (IRA) were also fighting with a contributing factor of religion, IRA were fighting against a religion. The Northern Ireland was mainly Protestants and they wanted to stay under the influence of Britain however the south of Ireland was inhabitants and they were mainly Catholics and they wanted liberation. The nationalistic motives were similar to the PLO’s hopes of re-establishing their homeland and also Al Qaeda’s attempts to remove American influence. Britain sent lots of Protestants over to Ireland in order to keep power by winning the vote however the Catholics in Ireland did not like this and decided to rebel. Although religion was not a factor that caused the formation of the IRA but there was tension between Catholics and Protestants. The British were mainly Protestants therefore they wanted British influence in Ireland which left the Catholics feelings powerless. Bernadette Devlin stated in 1969: â€Å"We refused to accept the politician’s logic that the problems could be seen in terms of Catholic versus Protestants†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This shows that they felt quite powerless due to their religion and this is when civil rights marches began to occur in Ireland. Strength of the enemy is also a motivation for these terrorist groups as all terrorist groups face immensely powerful enemies for examples in Northern Ireland the IRA was up against a large, modern army and a well organized police force so this lead to them using unorthodox military action . This is because the Southern Ireland was too strong to defend any other way therefore the strength of the enemy is a motivating factor as it leads the terrorist group to take action in a more chaotic way in order to defeat the enemy. Another terrorist group motivated by the factor of strength of the enemy is PLO which had support from many Arab states however it faced the most up-to date Middle East army which was very powerful who were supplied by the USA. The PLO or Arab state clearly could not defeat Israel in conventional warfare. For the IRA the factor of powerlessness is a very strong motive as the Irish fighters felt powerless because they felt the British government was not listening to their views. This led to Ireland wanting its own government as they believed the British did not listen to them and it made them feel like they didn’t have a say in their own country. Also nationalism links in with the motive of powerlessness as if the Irish didn’t feel powerless then they wouldn’t have wanted liberation away from Britain. Another motivational factor towards the formation of terrorist groups is nationalism which means a sense of identity either cultural group or as a nation. The PLO wanted identity and they wanted to establish their own homeland on the land they believed to be theirs, however it was occupied by Israel so this lead to the formation of the Palestinian liberation organization. Evidence to show this is from the Palestinian National Charter from the 1968 ‘Palestine is the homeland of the Arab Palestinian people’ this shows that the Palestinians believed that the land was theirs and an essential to the Palestinian people. Another piece of evidence is from a poem written by Mahmoud Darwish when he says ‘I belong there’ this shows it was not only the government who thought these views, however the evidence is both from Palestinian people therefore they are saying this as the PLO wanted more people to join them. The PLO was fighting to create their own nation whereas the IRA was fighting against an external power who was ruling. Irish republicans wanted an independent island without British control. Shane O’Doherty an IRA volunteer joined the IRA because of the ‘injustice of British rule in Ireland against the wishes of Irish people’. Many nationalists felt discriminated against by the British or as Brendan Hughes says (a future IRA commander) ‘were under attack’. This view can be supported by and ‘foreign invader’. By using this evidence to support that of the IRA we can see that the evidence is more reliable because it is from the British point of view. After the meeting in Parliament Britain came up with an agreement to keep Northern Ireland and give the rest to Ireland this meant that Ireland owned land back. The IRA was motivated politically by the desire for independence, but also the political ideologies of Republicanism and socialism. The IRA stands for the Irish Republican Army with the Republican party showing their belief in elected government rule rather than monarchy. Many activists also hold socialist ideologies believing that wealth should be distributed equally. Those who believed in this ideology believed that wide spread support for independence could be gained by recognition of socio-economic problems linked to socialism. Another motive for the IRA is political ideology as they wanted their own government and to not be ruled by the British. Poverty links in as a motivational factor for example the PLO resulted in poverty which was a consequence; it was a motivational factor for the PLO because poverty caused them to be more aggressive and angry just like the IRA after the Great Famine of 1840 when the British failed to help dying civilians. Most of the PLOs recruits came from refugee camps and a photograph taken in 1982 presents the bodies of Palestinian refugees after a massacre, showing how horrific poverty was and the injustice that Palestinian refugees faced. Catholics were higher in poverty than Protestants and their housing conditions were so horrific that the unjust treatment made a British private feel ashamed at the prejudice â€Å"I felt that I was invading a man’s home. I felt guilty and ashamed. † this inequality then lead to Catholics to feel quite victimized. The IRA not only wants their land which they believe belongs to them back without any influence of Britain, but they also wanted equality for Catholics as they felt that they did not belong in their own country. It was easy for the Provisional IRA to recruit members, â€Å"gave the community in the lower falls the opportunity to see the IRA as their saviors. † to many people recruiting to the IRA so that people could have a sense of identity by joining in an attempt to come out of their awful conditions and also the Palestine’s in refugee camps followed the same course of action as this mis-treatment could spark anger. In addition this sense of powerfulness against the strength of the Great British army (a lot like the PLO’s lack of strength against the Israelites and injust treatment in poverty as refugees) meant the Irish were dominated by the British monarch despite their motives for the country to be run by an elected government. Al Qaeda’s fortune and connections mean the movement is very rich however Osama Bin Laden complained because the USA got rich at the expense of ordinary Muslims. For example- In Kuwait, US oil companies took the wealth and shared it with a few loyal allies while ordinary people saw little wealth which is a sense of injustice and lights the spark of revenge. During the conflict between Ireland and Britain, the Irish unemployment was extremely high between 35% and 45% but this only motivated the IRA to try harder to fight against the Britian’s unfair ideas as that was initially their main purpose and also the IRA felt it was the only way possible to avoid an economic crisis along with other main factors. The PLO and IRA propaganda poster shows the two terrorist organisations orming an alliance as â€Å"one struggle† because they both have the same nationalistic motives and can empathise with the similar situations. By uniting they are attempting to find a way to overcome the strength of their enemy, to be as threatening as possible to evoke change. In 1973 an event known as ‘Black September’ caused people’s awa reness towards the Israelis and Palestinians whom wanted liberation for their people in prisons. At Munich Olympic games eleven Israeli athletes were held hostage and killed when German police tried to rescue them. This attack will have publicized the organization and created a powerful network or support among fellow terrorists. Terrorism today is a still an ongoing problem of society, one of the most worldwide known act of terrorism of the Al Qaeda is the 9/11 attack and also one of the most significant event linking to Al Qaeda was the death of Osama Bin Laden whom was killed in Pakistan in May 2011 by the US navy seals . Osama Bin Laden’s death lead to his dedicated worshippers to threat to take their lives as revenge for his assassination. Thus because of his death there has been several drone strikes lead by the US president whom approved of them. On the 3rd of December one of Al Qaeda’s main commander was killed in a drone strike in Pakistan. Because of the attack of Al Qaeda in 9/11 this lead to an increase in things such as awareness especially on planes because of Al Qaeda and when they in 2001 crashed two planes into the twin towers it caused airlines and airports to become more securitized. Also because of what happened it lead to more discrimination of those of the Islamic race and this lead to people becoming more racist. A more recent attack was when Al Qaeda made a militant group who were going to attack the bus of Algerian workers. They were 30 militants whom were in search of foreigner, they were quite intelligent according to the prime minister of Algeria and had inside information and had plans for the 15 hectare sites. The militants wanted to destroy the gas facility, this happened on the 16th of January. This reflects that Al Qaeda is still an ongoing terrorist group and is a result of past events. The attacks are related to their main motive of destroying westernization and removing American troops from their land. Algeria were recently hit by Al Qaeda’s terrorist attack in January 2013 to attack buses of British men who worked on the site. This attack is purely against westernization and revenge against the British who they perceive as their enemy and want out of their land. The fact that the organization is still active is a result of the history behind the organization’s foundations and still poses them as a threat against society, probably the deepest fear regarding terrorism points at this organization who have made the biggest impact on the world’s knowledge of terrorism. Another recent even occurred regarding terrorism in June 2012 when the Queen shook hands with the former IRA commander Martin McGuiness which showed recollection between the former enemies. However on the 9th of January 2012 there were riots in Northern Ireland which suggest that the past revenge hasn’t settled for good and that the Irish will not back down until they achieve their goal of freedom from British control. Ongoing issues is Palestine are apparent as although the ceasefire agreement meant both sides promised to stop attacking one another however since several months of â€Å"proximity talks† no progress was made and the Palestinians disallowed building of Jewish settlements on occupied land before they can come to a final agreement. On the 29th of November the Palestinian president requested for Palestine to be a â€Å"non-member observer state† which caused Israeli and US governments to be infuriated as they say the only way to achieve independence is through direct negotiation. Since then Obama stated that if the conflict was to worsen â€Å"the likelihood of us getting back on any kind of peace track that leads to a two-state solution is going to be pushed off way into the future. † This leads me to believe that tension will not simmer and there will be an up rise and the past will be mirrored if the situation is ignored. CONCLUSION To summarise my thoughts: I believe that the most significant influence of terrorism is caused my nationalism. JUSTIFY THE POINT STATE THE DIFFERENT INTERPRETATIONS OF TERRORISM- how some violent actions is the past have been perceived in very contrasting ways, Emily Davison the suffragette protester was part of a violent organization but is seen by most people as a martyr for fighting for her beliefs therefore this makes terrorism practically impossible to control and define which is why issues, that were not resolved years and years ago, are ongoing in today’s society. FINAL POINT RETURNING TO THE QUESTION: Terrorism today is derived from the buildup of revenge that the past events have caused, the past reflects the issues and the constant desire for something the organization thinks is achievable and a necessity. â€Å"Terrorism is an insulting term; it is a word with intrinsically negative associations that is generally applied to one’s enemies†.

Demand Forecasting Essays

Demand Forecasting Essays Demand Forecasting Essay Demand Forecasting Essay Order Management Systems 6. Demand Planning 7. Procurement Planning 8. Name of the software those are available in the market 1. Enterprises Resources Planning ( ERP) A. Total ERP B. Oracle Ill ERP or Enterprise Resource Planning software provides and cover variety of essential functions that Integrates every department of your business around the world by providing real-time view of your data and processes. ERP also streamline every department workflow for better decision making and growth. An ERP software package can help your business in many ways some of them are as follows: ERP helps in streamlining your Business Process and Workflow It helps you in better customer support and services You gain real time data from various departments allowing quick and powerful session making Reduce paper work, duplication of entries and Manual entries. To summarize ERP system helps in increasing your productivity level, profits and altogether growth of our organization. 2. Ware House Management systems. A. Fire WHAMS b. CEO RIFF WHAMS Warehouse Management Systems are primarily designed to combine the functioning of hardware, software, and peripheral devices. Implementation of a well designed competitive advantage through real time inventory management, reduced labor costs, superior customer service, increased inventory accuracy, better flexibility and expensiveness. Present day warehouse management systems are increasingly relying on a mix of new and old innovations to better integrate warehouse operations into the overall supply chain in a cost effective way. The must have features of a WHAMS that primarily contributes in developing a lean supply chain are: Business Intelligence Business Intelligence identifies, extracts, and analyzes the entire business data in real time and converts it into functional information. All these information are then displayed in customized dashboards to the decision makers thereby enabling greater usability of the supply chain and hence improved and efficient decision making capability. The major Business Intelligence functions for warehouses are: o Inventory Analysis o Track Inventory turnover o Space utilization Analysis o Barded tracking for Inventory and material o Perfect Order management Integrated EDI system EDI enables organizations exchange business oriented information such as purchase orders, invoices, sales orders, vendor bills, and inventory orders and list. It utilizes a mapping tool which transforms information into an internationally accepted standard format. The following are some benefits of EDI integration with WHAMS: o a. Less paper handling Real time information No mailing cost Faster exchange of data and relevant information No repetition of data Direct communication Transportation Scheduling Systems :- De- Facto Software Transports computerized scheduling and dispatch software provides the tools you need to optimize your routes. Key Functionality Includes: Live scheduling using calendar functions Ability to quickly book trips from pick up to drop off Automatic client look-up feature for repeat trips allowing for quick routing Google Maps automated distance ululations as your aide Assign runs based on drivers and vehicles 4. Manufacturing Execution Scheduling :- a. Fact MESS. B. SAP MESS c. Manufacturing execution system (MESS) software is used to manage and monitor work-in-process on the factory floor. Plant managers and production personnel use MESS software to support collaborative manufacturing strategies that are designed to integrate disparate data streams from a companys supply chain, factory floor, and enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Selecting manufacturing execution system (MESS) software requires a detailed analysis of capabilities and features. Some rodents provide operator instructions for each stage of production. Others provide finite scheduling, workflow management, resource planning, and quality analysis (CA) features. Most MESS software is designed to improve asset productivity, reduce order- to-ship times, and eliminate costly rework. Typically, industries that implement manufacturing execution system (MESS) software treat cycle-time, the total time to produce an order, as a key performance indicator (KIP). D. Machine monitoring sensors and shop floor data collection (SF) terminals transmit production data from the factory floor to manufacturing execution system (MESS) software. MESS software that includes supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) features can collect data from machine-mounted sensors. This information is then transmitted to a central computer for processing. In turn, software-based algorithms send real-time instructions to devices such as programmable logic controllers (PL). Some manufacturing execution system (MESS) software is designed for use with manual SF terminals. With these systems, users enter information such as Job numbers, labor codes, and production counts. E. Manufacturing execution system (MESS) software can be used to schedule tasks by facility, work center, machine, and/or employee skill set. Products that include capacity planning features allow schedulers to load Jobs against an organizations total production capacity. Advanced production scheduling (APS) offers finite scheduling options and a visual representation of projected workloads. Production requirements planning (PR) and material requirement planning (MR.) allows schedulers to define processes with multiple tasks. Manufacturing execution system (MESS) software that integrates PR and MR. with inventory management and procurement can generate a schedule which specifies when required materials should be ordered. 5. Customer Relationship Management:- a. Quality Integrity CRM b. Sotto CRM c. Age CRM Well-designed CRM includes the following characteristics: 1. Relationship management is a customer-oriented feature with service response based on customer input, one-to-one solutions to customers requirements, direct online communications with customer and customer service centers that help implement sales promotion analysis, automate tracking of a clients account history for repeated sales or future sales, and also coordinate sales, marketing, cal l centers, and retail outlets in order to realize the salesrooms automation. 3. Use of technology. This feature is about following the technology trend and skills of value delivering using technology to make up-to-the-second customer data available. It applies data warehouse technology in order to aggregate transaction information, to merge the information with CRM solutions, and to provide KIP (key performance indicators). 4. Opportunity management. This feature helps the company to manage unpredictable growth and demand and implement a good forecasting model to integrate sales history with sales projections. 5. Order Management Systems :- a. Order Motion b. Ability MOMS Order Management c. CSS Order Management Manage Your Customers Consolidate your multiple sales channels, along with your Customer, Order, Inventory, and Marketing information all within the MOMS Order Management Software Platform. Allow Customer Service Reps to have access to data at their fingertips for keeping in touch with their customers. Search, display, export, update, and reference all customer data within one user interface for Cars, sales, and marketing teams. Handle Your Orders View your transactions and order statuses live, online, 2417, while maintaining your customers order history for future up-selling and reporting. Place orders, process drop shipments, and amend existing orders from a single domain or from multiple domains and sales channels via our Order Management Software. Create purchase orders and process Vendor drop ship orders automatically via our Order Management Software. Monitor Your Inventory Predict estimated depletion dates and set automated reorder points, while keeping up -to-date on current stock levels and inventory in real time. Minimize stock on-hand and eliminate excess storage with the ability to calculate minimum order quantities and thresholds, based on previous order history and current inventory data. Increase Your Sales Configure Special Offers and E-mail Promotion by using history of sales reports. Create geographic promotions, based on product movement and popularity, down to the SKU level. Manage your Sales Reps, Affiliate Programs, and Referral Tracking, to see where your sales are coming from. Ship Your Products Generate labels, packing slips, and tracking numbers, while using multi-carrier shipment options to best suit your customers needs, all through our Order with RFC Guns, Picking, Packing and Order Processing, all with real-time inventory features. Manage auto shipments, drop shipments, and create backorder shipment options. Save Your Money Reduce shipping fees and significantly improve your shipping revenues, while keeping your customers happy. Use our Order Management Softwares automated shipment information to get a list of real-time rates that are instantly returned from major carriers. Access estimated arrival dates easily for both domestic and international shipm ents. Pass on margins or discounts based on total shipping cost or a flat rate to your end consumer. 6. Demand Planning :- a. Sotto Demand Planning Software b. Oracle Demand Planning software c. A Demand Planning Process describes the activities that are required to develop one agreed organizational plan to drive sales and operations planning and financial planning. The first stage of the process is for forecasts to be developed through statistical analysis and Judgments. The second stage is to have management and stakeholder overview of the forecasts to ensure ownership but also to override with strategic requirements, business policy and business knowledge. In large organizations, demand planning often involves overview or constraining at a central bevel, unconstrained forecasts that have been prepared at a local level. This may be to ensure fit with the overall marketing strategy of the business when supply is constrained. D. The forecasting process should be based on historical demand data, information from the market and should also account for impacts of strikes and promotions. Ideally history of sales should be demand history and not actual sales history. The reason is that sales history may reflect what the customer was forced to accept at the time due to shortcomings in customer service or business performance rather than hat they had preferred at the time. E. The management and stakeholder review is critical for obtaining ownership by sales management and is where ideally customer overview should also be obtained (collaborative forecasting). Overall, demand planning should be seen as a process using expert people supported by forecasting tools where appropriate, not the other way around. 7. Procurement Systems:- a. I sourcing Solution b. Procuring c. Oracle Ill d. Oracle Procurement software is business software that helps to automate the purchasing function of organizations. Activities including raising and approving purchase orders, electing and ordering the product or service, receiving and matching the invoice and department to see everything that is ordered, ensure that nothing can be ordered without correct approvals, and lets them get the best value by combining several orders for the same type of good or even getting suppliers to bid for the business. There are literally thousands of e-Procurement software providers. Procurement software comes in industry specific forms, such as Traced for global trade,for hospitality industry, Procuring for construction and software industries, or generically or all types of spend from software vendors like Dodo, GAP, Spend, b-pack, Arabia, SAP, Automation Centre, or Oracle. Buying organizations choice can be driven by the particular strengths offered by each individual system and the number of vendors available through them. A multinational or otherwise large organization will use a shared procurement system to take advantage of economies of scale to drive down the cost of purchases. While traditionally most e-procurement software systems have been designed for larger organizations, there are now also systems available for the SMB market, such as the Free-procurement Project by Spend. Whilst some services are available to purchase through automated systems, the key strength of these systems lies in the procurement of commodities that are much easier to standardize. . The key benefit for organizations using procurement software include ease of administration and potential long-term cost savings. Having a single interface for procurement related management information cuts down the time and effort required to monitor organizational spending. The use of such software also allows procurement managers to control the vendors used by the wider organization o all employees take advantage of negotiated rates and other terms of service. Common Features of Procurement Software Systems a. Requisitions Creation of a purchase order with line items to be fulfilled by a vendor. Automated Sending via Fax or Email b. Vendor Follow Up Automated, or reminders to follow up with Vendors to Confirm Purchase Orders. C . Receiving of Goods or Services Maintaining a physical inventory of goods. D. Financial Settlement Creation of financial and/or inventory related transactions as goods are physically received. Conclusion :- These are above described about Technologies those used in SCM process.

Describe the UK carbon reduction strategy, trends and the contextual Literature review

Describe the UK carbon reduction strategy, trends and the contextual issues that are forcing carbon reduction - Literature review Example UK policy: Recent years have seen a significant increase in the U.K legislation’s focus towards reduction in carbon emissions. A number of government departments across U.K have seen adopt and implement greener processes and equipment to help reduce carbon emissions. In 2008, the UK Climate Change Act proposed a target regarding the reduction in carbon emission levels of the country. Through the Act the government obtained its first target for the year 2020 in which the government has taken upon itself to reduce carbon emissions by at least 34%. Along with a short term target the Act also has provided the British government with a long term target for the year 2050 where its target of carbon reduction is 80% (DWP, 2013). The Act provided the basis for a number of legislations such as the CRC EES (CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme), which makes it mandatory for each and every sector to purchase a certain amount of carbon allowances every year (DWP, 2013). In addition to this, the go vernment has made it compulsory for all government departments to adhere to the carbon reduction targets that have been provided to them. These targets are in terms of energy consumption, transportation as well as in terms of solid and water waste (DWP, 2013). The table below shows the sources of carbon dioxide emissions, within U.K, in metric tonnes since 1995. Finally in order to promote the idea of carbon reduction all buildings that cover an area of at least 1000 square meters and provide public access are legally bound to procure a DEC (Display Energy Certificate). DEC rates each building between a scale of A and G with A representing a building with the lowest amount of carbon emissions and G representing a building with the highest amount of carbon emissions (DWP, 2013). Year Energy Supply Transport Business Residential Other 1990 241 120 113 79 39 1995 210 120 107 81 36 2000 203 125 107 87 31 2005 216 129 97 84 27 2008 213 125 90 80 23 2009 190 121 79 75 17 2010 195 119 79 8 7 18 2011 182 117 76 66 17 2012 192 116 79 74 18 Source: (Department of Energy and Climate, 2013) Climate change: Climate change is a phenomenon that leads to a significant change in the temperature of Earth over a period of time. Climate change occurs due to numerous factors for example natural phenomenon such as a variation in solar radiation that hits the earth increase the temperature of the planet. However, over the past few years’ human activities have also contributed to the increase in the overall temperature of the globe. These factors are have collectively been categorized under the heading of global warming (Houghton, 2004). Global warming in its basic terms is the steady increase in earth’s temperature mainly due to the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and other pollutants. Due to the increase in greenhouse gases the past few years have been the warmest over a period of hundred years. The effects of global warming are not just re lated to the overall temperature of the planet, but can cause a wide range of physical as well as social impacts (Oxlade, 2003). Experts believe that

Leadership Styles and Conflict Resolution Assignment

Leadership Styles and Conflict Resolution - Assignment Example re not honest when performing their roles as leaders as they tend to misuse the resources and tend to misuse their powers to misuse other people in the group. A leader must be honest in everything they handle, and this creates comfort and confidence with the leadership especially to employees. The second leadership quality is focus. A leader who is focused on his job tends to work better and relate well with his/her employees. For example, if a leader is not sure with what he/she is doing, how can people be sure of him/her and what he is doing? This makes the employees lose respect for the leader and tend to withdraw existing respect they had for the leader. The third leadership quality is respect. Respect is always applicable in all fields. A good leader must pay respect to his/her employees or group members. If a leader respects his/her members, the members of the group will also respect him. It will start by treating people with equal perspectives with no ranks or class (Bass and Ruth 201). The leadership is participative or democratic leadership. This type of leadership calls for participation from group members in helping the leader run errands of the group. This type of leadership is used when the errands of the group are at a standstill. A collective or participative type of decision making is used during this type of leadership. This means that members help the leader to make decisions for the group, and thus, everyone contributes to the decision making (Bass and Ruth 241). At some point in high school, I was captain of the basketball team. It reached a time when there was one student who was a drug addict, but he was the best player in the team. The team patron announced that we should do away with him or else the team would not participate in the competitions that were due in one week. I called for a meeting with the team, and I laid down the topic for discussion. I used participative leadership to arrive at a decision. The team resolved to do away

Black Americans Essay Example for Free

Black Americans Essay Firstly black Americans faced problems in the south because of lynching and the Jim Crow Laws. Lynching meant that racist white Americans would put the law into their own hands and punish black people whenever they please. They would hang the victim from a tree. In 1897 123 black people were lynched in the south, 84 in 1903 and 61 in 1921. The police would turn a blind eye and made no effort to stop lynching from happening. Even though slavery ended in 1865 black people faced the threat of violence, intimidation and racial discrimination on almost a daily bases. The Jim Crow Laws were created to keep whites and coloured people away from each other. The Jim Crow Laws covered all the aspects of life. Black Americans were stopped from using the same restaurants, hotels, libries, taxis, and even cemeteries. If black people wanted to vote the Jim Crow Law made them have to pass a difficult literacy test and they would have to pay high taxes. Nearly 2million black Americans moved from the southern states to the north in hope of a better life. This was called the Great Migration They thought they would be able to escape the Jim Crow Laws and racism as a whole, they wanted to go to the north for a better chance at jobs and education but little did they know. Secondly black Americans faced problems in the south because of the KKK. The KKK stands for the Ku Klux Klan; they were a racist group and were part of a secret society. The leader of the KKK in the 1920’s was a dentist called Hiram Wesley Evans whose name in the KKK was Imperial Wizard. Only WASP’s could belong to the KKK- White Anglo Saxon Protestants. The KKK targeted blacks mainly, but they also hated Jews, Catholics and Liberals but there main focus was poor black families that were very vulnerable. 5 million white Americans joined the KKK between 1920 to 1925. Most members where poor white people because they were afraid that black people would take over their jobs. Some of the KKK members were judges, policemen and lawyers. They would dress in white sheets and white hoods to cover their identities. The KKK used a variety of different methods such as intimidation, murders, raping, whipping, lynching, castration and tar burning. The Black Americans tried to fight back using non-violent methods. The NAACP -National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People- asked the president for new laws to help combat the KKK violence but received very little results. In the 1920’s Black Americans started to turn to the ‘Back to Africa’ movement which told blacks that they should return to their native America. This was started by Marcus Garvey but the whole movement faltered when he was arrested for fraud and sent to prison. In 1926 membership of the KKK dropped from 2million to 300,000 people. Lastly black Americans faced problems in the north because there was still racism around. Black people would be sent to live in the worst parts of the poorest cities. They were last to be hired and first to be fired from any jobs that they could get their hands on. Factory owners in northern cities knew that huge numbers of black people knew how to work well because of the slavery era. So they sent people down South to encourage them to take jobs in their factories up North with promises of good salaries. They wanted to add to the pool of white workers to keep down wages. So the black workers were encouraged to move North to compete with white workers. The white workers did not welcome the black workers with open arms because they naturally saw them as a threat. The black workers were willing to work for less money at least at first. So this led to racial tension. The white Americans refused to accept black members to protect the jobs. Another thing was that white neighbourhoods did not want poor black people and the problems that came with them moving into their neighbourhoods. It was a bad situation all around and led to much racial issues and even race riots These are the problems black people faced in the USA during the 1920s.

The Power of Working Out Essay -- Exercise Self Image Papers

The Power of Working Out Wherever I go, whenever I go, whoever I see, I am always astonished by the way that people want to present themselves. The principle of working out reminds me of nothing else but a song titled â€Å" wherever, whenever, whoever â€Å" by Shakira. It is for the pure sense that everyone wants to look good and become popular by looking good. The media brings about popularity just by looking this so called â€Å" good. â€Å" Take for example Britney Spears, Christina Aguilara, Shakira, and other teen pop sensations. Many of these pop stars are not even old enough to drink, however they are making millions of dollars from their performances and cd’s that have sold. But it is not just the music that has created such popularity for them. It is without any doubt their appearance just as well. This ethnography will produce the answers to the many asked questions to reasons people even start working out, the multi effects of working out, and to produce the different outlooks of working out by different people. It is the purpose to produce a culture of working out from a masculine and feminine perspective. My research is based on where I work in the weight room located in the building of the JCC located in West Bloomfield, Michigan. It is a very big building perhaps the size of a large high school which is surrounded by a great amount of parking spaces. Inside the JCC there are different facilities. It has a Basketball court, a hall for doing big parties, a rink for roller hockey and the weight room that I am doing. People that are members of this JCC are able to use the weight room anytime they want as well as use the sauna, steam room, they have the luxury of having towels be provided for them a... ... I don’t try to impress the opposite sex as much as I used to. Although it is still nice to have people look at you while your working out I feel that staying fit and healthy is just as important as looking good. â€Å" With the help of my field notes, Keneth Pike’s explanations within etic and emic perspectives, and the interviews I did within these perspectives I was able to realize the true power of working out. The true reasoning that all people are different. Whether some are doing it to stay in shape or to look better, all are doing it for some soul purpose. America is all about working hard and striving to achieve. It is a place of freedom and opportunity. The weight room is an opportunity for people to look better, feel better, as well as socialize with other people. Works Cited: Pike Kenneth. â€Å" A Stereoscopic Window on The World, â€Å"

Funeral Customs

Funeral custom world wide Death: the act of dying; the end of life; the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions of an organism. Death is a very painful and emotional time, yet one that may be filled with hope and mercy and is base off of the world's religious traditions and of philosophical enquiry. Belief in some kind of afterlife or rebirth has been a central aspect of most, if not all, religious traditions and as a result of that over time there has been different type of funeral customs developed in the world. The trace of funeral service is a history of mankind. Funeral customs are as old as evolution itself. Funeral customs are rituals surrounding the death of a human being and the subsequent disposition of the corpse. Such rites may serve to mark the passage of a person from life into death, to secure the welfare of the dead, to comfort the living, and to protect the living from the dead. Disposal of the body may be by burial , by conservation or by cremation , by exposure or by other methods. Funeral ceremonies have certain common features: for example, the laying out of the corpse; the watching of the dead, of which the wake is a standard example; and the period of mourning with the accompanying ceremonies. www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1E1-funeralc) â€Å"Every culture and civilization attends to the proper care of their dead. Every culture and civilization ever studied has three things in common relating to death and the disposition of the dead. Some type of funeral rites, rituals, and ceremonies or a sacred place for the dead and memorialization of the dead Researchers have found bur ial grounds of Neanderthal man dating to 60,000 BC with animal antlers on the body and flower fragments next to the corpse indicating some type of ritual and gifts of remembrance†. www. wyfda. org/basics) Funeral customs were diverse in many cultures. Some culture treated the male funerals different from the female funerals. The Cochieans buried their women, but suspended their men from trees. The Gonds buried their women but cremated their men. The Bongas buried their men with their faces to the North and their women with their faces to the South. (www. wyfda. org/basics) Body burial or direct burial simply means placing a body in the ground after death, although it also applies to storing the whole body aboveground in a ausoleum, vault, or other type of crypt. (www. caring. com/articles/body-burial-arrangements)they also found that in the medieval time the king would be buried without a heart. (Puckle 120) The Gonds are among the largest tribal groups in South Asia and perha ps the world. The term Gond refers to tribal peoples who live all over India's Deccan Peninsula. Most describe themselves as Gonds (hill people) or as Koi or Koitur. (www. everyculture. com/wc/Germany-to-Jamaica/Gonds. ) Funeral custom hasn’t really changed over time there are still similar or same customs still used today. They often had Memorials which allow friends, relatives and acquaintances to express their feelings and to share their memories. Many bereaved people find them helpful and are pleased to have provided a ceremony their loved ones would have wanted. (www. humanism. org. uk/ceremonies/humanist-funerals-memorials) Native American burial customs have varied widely, not only geographically, but also through time, having been shaped by differing environments, social structure, and spiritual beliefs. Prehistoric civilizations evolved methods of caring for the dead that reflected either the seasonal movements of nomadic societies or the life ways of settled communities organized around fixed locations. As they evolved, burial practices included various forms of encasement, sub-surface interment, cremation, and exposure. Custom usually dictated some type of purification ritual at the time of burial. Certain ceremonies called for secondary interments following incineration or exposure of the body, and in such cases, the rites might extend over some time period. Where the distinctions in social status were marked, the rites were more elaborate. The Plains Indians and certain Indians of the Pacific Northwest commonly practiced above-ground burials using trees, scaffolds, canoes, and boxes on stilts, which decayed over time. (www. nps. gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb41/nrb41_5) Many of our funeral customs have their historical basis in pagan rituals. Modern mourning clothing came from the custom of wearing special clothing as a disguise to hide identity from returning spirits. Pagans believed that returning spirits would fail to recognize them in their new attire and would be confused and overlook them. Covering the face of the deceased with a sheet stems from pagan tribes who believed that the spirit of the deceased escaped through the mouth. They would often hold the mouth and nose of a sick person shut, hoping to retain the spirits and delay death. Feasting and gatherings associated with the funeral began as an essential part of the primitive funeral where food offerings were made. Wakes held today come from ancient customs of keeping watch over the deceased hoping that life would return. The lighting of candles comes from the use of fire mentioned earlier in attempts to protect the living from the spirits. The practice of ringing bells comes from the common medieval belief that the spirits would be kept at bay by the ringing of a consecrated bell. The firing of a rifle volley over the deceased mirrors the tribal practice of throwing spears into the air to ward off spirits hovering over the deceased. Originally, holy water was sprinkled on the body to protect it from the demons. Floral offerings were originally intended to gain favor with the spirit of the deceased. Funeral music had its origins in the ancient chants designed to placate the spirits. (www. wyfda. org/basics) Funerals rank among the most expensive purchases many consumers will ever make. A traditional funeral, including a casket and vault, costs about $6,000, although â€Å"extras† like flowers, obituary notices, acknowledgment cards or limousines can add thousands of dollars to the bottom line. Many funerals run well over $10,000. (www. pueblo. gsa. gov/cic_text/misc/funeral/funeral. ) More and more people are choosing to be cremated, and there are even more choices for cremation urns than for caskets (www. uneralplan. com) The time after the death or passing away of a people in India are given a lot of importance. As per the Hindu Holy Scripture like the Bhagwat Git, it is believed that the soul of the person who has just passed away is on its way to the next level of existence at such a time. As such, it is with an intention to help the departed soul in a peaceful crosso ver to that next level of his /her existence, that Indians observe so many death rites and rituals. Basic idea behind the Indians' following all these funeral traditions is to show reverence to the deceased person. Normally during this time, all the family members share each other’s sorrows and pray, so that the soul of the deceased person rests peacefully. At the end of one year, all elderly members of the deceased person gather once again for the Shraad ceremony. The 3rd, 5th, 7th or 9th day after the death of the person are also important, as all relatives gather to have a meal of the deceased's favorite foods. A small amount of the food is offered before his /her photo and later, it is ceremonially left at an abandoned place, along with a lit diya. However, there may be slight variations in the way people of different religious sect observe this death rite. (www. iloveindia. com/indian-traditions/funeral-traditions) Chinese funeral rites and burial customs are determined by the age of the deceased, cause of death, status and position in society, and marital status Preparation for a funeral often begins before a death has occurred. When a person is on his/her deathbed, a coffin will often have already been ordered by the family. A traditional Chinese coffin is rectangular with three ‘humps', although it more common in modern times for a western style coffin to be used. The coffin is provided by an undertaker who oversees all funeral rites. When a death occurs in a family all statues of deities in the house are covered up with red paper not to be exposed to the body or coffin and all mirrors are removed it is believed that one who sees the reflection of a coffin in a mirror will shortly have a death in his/her family. A white cloth is hung over the doorway to the house and a gong is placed to the left of the entrance if the deceased is a male, and to the right if female. At the wake, the family members of the deceased gather around the coffin positioned according to their rank in the family and special clothing is worn: Children and daughters-in-law wear black signifying that they grieve the most; grandchildren, blue; and great grandchildren, light blue. Sons-in-law wear brighter colors, such as white, since they are considered outsiders. The children and daughters-in-law also wear a hood of sackcloth over their heads. The eldest son sits at the left shoulder of his parent and the deceased's spouse on the right. Relatives arriving later must crawl on their knees towards the coffin. The funeral ceremony traditionally lasts over 49 days — the first seven being the most important. Prayers are said every seven days for 49 days if the family can afford it. Otherwise, the period can be shortened by three to seven days. Usually, it is the responsibility of the daughters to bear the funeral expenses. The head of the family should be present for at least the first and possibly the second prayer ceremony. The number of ceremonies conducted depends on the financial situation of the family. The head of the family should also be present for the burial or cremation. In the second tradition, the prayer ceremony is held every 10 days: The initial ceremony and three succeeding periods of 10 days until the final burial or cremation. (www. chinaculture. org) The funeral and religious custom of burying the dead in Africa has some of the most complex customs. The ceremony is purely animist, and apparently without any set ritual. The main exception is that the females of the family of the deceased and their friends may undergo mournful lamentations. In some instances they work their feelings up to an ostentatious, frenzy-like degree of sorrow. The revelry may be heightened by the use of alcohol, of which drummers, flute-players, bards, and singing men may partake. The funeral may last for as long as a week. Another funeral custom, a kind of memorial, frequently takes place seven years after the person's death. These funerals and especially the memorials may be extremely expensive for the family in question. Cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry, may be offered in remembrance and then consumed in festivities. Some funerals in Ghana are held with the deceased put in elaborate â€Å"fantasy coffins† colored and shaped after a certain object, such as a fish, crab, boat, and even an airplane. www. a-to-z-of-manners-and-etiquette. com/funeral-and-religious-customs. ) Japanese funeral customs vary widely from region to region, so a generic description is not possible. The religion of the deceased person's family also has a bearing on the final arrangements, as do other factors such as the age at which the person died social st atus and the family's economic circumstances. The body is put on dry ice(3) in a room at the mortuary or in front of the family altar (most Japanese are Buddhists) and the next of kin stay with it or close-by until it is time to put it in the casket. By this time all of the close relatives will have changed into black suits and black kimono or black dresses. The Buddhist priest arrives at the scheduled time and is offered green tea. He speaks briefly with the family, during which time people who have not entered the room yet come in and sit on the floor (or on chairs if it is a funeral hall). After everyone has entered, the priest turns to the altar, bows, lights incense and begins to read a sutra. During the sutra reading, the priest gives a signal and the members of the family, who are seated in hierarchical order, rise and go to the incense urn, bow, offer incense, bow again and return to their seats. After the family members have finished, the visitors repeat the ritual until everyone has finished. The priest finishes the sutra, after which everyone bows to the altar and the wake service ends. Depending on the Buddhist sect, everyone may chant the â€Å"mantra† of the Buddhist sect in unison at points during the service. The funeral is usually held on the day after the wake service. The body is transferred to a temple (in the case where the wake was held at home) and placed before the altar that the mortuary has constructed in front of the temple altar. A wooden tablet inscribed with the posthumous name (4) of the deceased is placed on the altar or in front of it. The posthumous name is assigned and inscribed by the priest. (www. tanutech. com/japan/jfunerals) A Jewish funeral service is conducted in a funeral home or the family home as soon as possible after death – typically within 24 hours. Funeral attire consists of dark-colored clothing, a dress or skirt and blouse for women, and a jacket and tie for men. Men also wear a head covering known as a yarmulke, which will be provided by the funeral director for non-Jewish male guests. Guests should refrain from wearing symbols of other religions, such as a cross. Only family members attend the burial. Condolence visits by friends and extended family are welcomed during the seven-day mourning period known as shivah. Friends and neighbors may prepare the family's first meal following the funeral and may also bring gifts of food during shivah. If you bring food, make sure it is kosher, unless you know for certain that the family doesn't keep kosher. www. thelightbeyond. com/funeral_etiquette_customs_across_cultures) Just as there is a way to live as a Jew, there is also a â€Å"way to die and be buried as a Jew,† writes Blu Greenberg in her book, How to Run a Traditional Jewish Household (Fireside, 1983). This classic guide to Jewish living outlines traditional death rituals and practical issues, although many of these practices have be en adapted somewhat by Reform Jews. The first thing to do after a death in the family, if you belong to a synagogue and the family member lives near you, is to contact your rabbi or another synagogue leader. Usually, the synagogue will take over many of the arrangements. However, when your family member lives far away and is not a member of a congregation, or when you are not a member, funeral homes can often suggest rabbis who will conduct a funeral. Jewish burials take place as quickly as possible, following a principle of honoring the dead (k'vod hamet). Only if immediate relatives cannot arrive in time from abroad, or there is not enough time for burial before Shabbat or a holiday, are burials postponed for a day. Anything less is considered a â€Å"humiliation of the dead,† Greenberg explains. www. jewishfederations. org/page. aspx? id=937) .When a Muslim is near death, those around him or her are called upon to give comfort, and reminders of God's mercy and forgiveness. They may recite verses from the Qur'an, give physical comfort, and encourage the dying one to recite words of remembrance and prayer. It is recommended, if at all possible, for a Muslim's last words to be the declaration of faith: â€Å"I bear witness that there is no god but Allah. † Upon death, those with the deceased are encouraged to remain calm, pray for the departed, and begin preparations for burial. Muslims strive to bury the deceased as soon as possible after death, avoiding the need for embalming or otherwise disturbing the body of the deceased. An autopsy may be performed, if necessary, but should be done with the utmost respect for the dead. (islam. about. com/cs/elderly/a/funerals) The male in Muslim culture body get completely washes before they die. (Triton 1) The different funeral customs has provided evidence that there are so many different way to perform a ceremonies burial rituals etc†¦ Funeral customs has provided different tradition around the world to be spread through different culture and countries worldwide. Work Cited 1. http://www. chinaculture. org/gb/en_chinaway/2004-03/03/content_46092. htm 2. http://www. iloveindia. com/indian-traditions/funeral-traditions. html 3. http://www. wyfda. org/basics_2. html 4. http://www. caring. com/articles/body-burial-arrangements 5. http://www. humanism. org. uk/ceremonies/humanist-funerals-memorials 6. http://www. a-to-z-of-manners-and-etiquette. com/funeral-and-religious-customs. html 7. http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1E1-funeralc. html 8. http://www. tanutech. com/japan/jfunerals. html 9. http://www. jewishfederations. org/page. aspx? id=937

Financial Crisis To A Global One Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3430 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Factors that led the US Economy to the Financial Crisis of 2007 and the Mechanisms of Transmission to a Worldwide Crisis During these last few years the most important economic event has affected the worldwide economy has been the financial crisis. There is no precise definition of financial crisis, but a common view is that disruptions in financial markets rise to the level of a crisis when the flow of credit to households and businesses is constrained and the real economy of goods and services is adversely affected.[1]Being students of economics branch, we are continuously studying about the economic models, theories and development of a variety of economic structures. Such event as the financial crisis has really fascinated us and motivated to deepen our knowledge regarding its importance and characteristics. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Crisis To A Global One Finance Essay" essay for you Create order It is stated that this financial crisis is the most important and in the meantime the most dramatic one since the Great Depression of 1930s. Considering the importance of such an economic event, we wanted to understand the structure of a financial crisis, the causes that led to it describing specifically the relations between them and the mechanisms of transmission from one step to another; from the starting point to the spread of the crisis within the country of origin and afterwards all over the world. This will provide us with information about the real economy and how it constantly adapts to these happenings. The structure of our paper consists in first explaining the factors that led to the beginning of the financial crisis, which are part of the first chapter and which include War in Iraq, the securitization process, the subprime mortgages and the housing bubble effect. The development of the crisis within the country of origin will be explained in the second chapter; here we have to mention the mechanism of transmission from the financial crisis to the economic one. And in the third and last chapter we will explain channels in which the crisis became global the so called Contagion Process. The factors that led the American Economy to the Financial Crisis War in Iraq After the suicide attacks by   Al-Qaeda terrorists  upon the United States on September 11, 2001, in the World Trade Center  in New York City, the situation of the economy became even worse. This contributed to the loss of business on Wall Street, the Dow Jones[2]industrial average closed down more than 684 points, or more than 7% (dropping below the 9000 mark at 8921, according to preliminary figures), on extraordinarily heavy New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) volume. The Nasdaq[3]composite index dropped by 109 points, or 6.5%, to 1586, leaving the already battered index at its lowest point since October 1998. Besides these devastating losses, the war in Iraq, which began on March 20, 2003, as a counteraction to the terrorists attack, has come at a great cost to the American economy. According to Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz the Iraq war has cost the US 50-60 times more than the Bush administration predicted and was a central cause of the sub-prime banking crisis threatening the world economy[4]He calls it a hidden cause of the current credit crunch. To fight against it, the US central bank responded to the massive financial drain of the war by flooding the American economy with cheap credit. What happened than will be explained later. But before we go there, we also have to mention that in the short run, wartime spending actually stimulates the economy. As another Nobel Prize-winning economist, Paul Krugman argues, the war is indeed a grotesque waste of resources, but we cant blame it for the current economic mess. Remember, the lowest unemployment rate America has experi enced over the last half-century came at the height of the Vietnam War.[5] Securitization Process Securitization is a financial instrument that appeared at the American economy at the beginning of 1980s. It is referred as distribution of default risk by grouping debt obligations(such as mortgages) into a pool, and then selling securities backed by this pool. In other words this means that in order for the banks to ensure funds for their normal and ongoing activity they gave loans to people who became debtors. This money was tied up in banks and they couldnt make any profit of it(except for the part when the loan would be returned which would actually be in a long-term period). In order to profit from the loaning process banks turned these loans into securities; they divided the credits into parts and sold them to other people (security buyers) as obligations with considerably high interest rates. It is estimated about 10% interest rates for these obligations in 2006. In this way the person who had taken the loan from the bank was not a debtor of that bank where he had taken his loan from, but to the buyer of the obligation with his mortgage credit. This process was of priority from both sides- banks could take off the risk by selling these loans(and transferring that risk to the people who bought the loans) and the security buyers got regular payments from the debtors. Banks started borrowing money from other banks in order to lend more money to the people so they could increase the level of the loans and sell these loans as securities. Furthermore, one high street bank such as the Lehman Brothers also bought mortgages so it could securitize them and sell them to the others. At first the people who were profiting the loans were people with sufficient incomes or as it may also be called safe borrowers. After that the situation changed; banks started giving loans also to poor people, people who had credit level below the usual. These loans are known as the subprime mortgages[6]or self-certified loans or also liars loans. Banks started buying, selling and trading securitization or as we may say, they started buying, selling and trading risk. Whats interesting is that the banks tended to spread the risk to the security buyers. Furthermore, involved in this mechanism, banks started to invest. These investments were considered high-profit investments because the obligations were with a considerable percentage of profit (about 10 % interest in annual scale as it is mentioned in the first paragraph). But these kinds of obligations were massively supported by subprime credits. Consequently, this meant that these investments were very risky; not-safe borrowers would have subsequently problems with paying off the credit. Banks were exposed toward the problems by being engaged in these activities. Securitization was implied to be a productive financial instrument that could help the banks lend more and lower the risk; instead, it led towards a risky and unsecure situation. When people started seeing the real situation, the crisis of confidence spread. Investment banks were sitting on high risk loans. There was an increase in the prices and in the value of the immobile property known as the housing bubble(which will be explained in details later) which led to the process that the security buyers wanted their money back. People didnt have money to pay the loans so the banks found themselves in quite a difficult situation. Lacking in deposits, some of them collapsed. At this point, banks turned to the government for help. More money was injected but still it wasnt enough; the banks went bankrupted and the confidence wasnt restored. Subprime Mortgages and the subprime boom There are generally two types of mortgages in the US: fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs), which have an interest rate fixed for the life of the loan; and adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), which have variable periodic interest rates. Subprime mortgages are defined as mortgages to borrowers with limited credit histories. Between 2003 and 2006, a high number of mortgages were issued to subprime residential borrowers. Many subprime mortgages are a combination of ARMs and FRMs. Such mortgages provide for a fixed rate for the first two to three years, which is known as the teaser rate, and after that period the interest rate becomes adjustable semiannually. As real estate prices rose in the early years of this decade, and securitization provided more capital for mortgages, lenders changed their underwriting criteria in order to issue more mortgages and turned to subprime lenders. Between 1995 and 2005, subprime mortgages increased from 5% to 20% of the mortgage market. In 1994, $35 billion in subprime mortgages were produced, and by 2006, that number had increased to more than $600 billion, about 17 times more than in 1994. And the most significant cause for this boom appears to be the increase in the securitization of mortgages as it is explained in the first paragraph. Housing Bubble A bubble occurs when exaggerated expectations of future prices increase unusual demand either by people who fear being priced out of a market or by investors hoping to make a lot of money fast. A bubble is a self-fulfilling prophecy for a while, as successive rounds of buyers push prices higher and higher. But the willingness to pay higher and higher prices in fragile: It will end whenever buyers perceive that prices are no longer going up. Hence bubbles carry the seeds of their own destruction. Only time is needed for bubbles to end.[7] The current financial crisis started in the United States housing market in 2007. The US housing market is seen by many as the main cause of the financial crisis. The financial turmoil that engulfed the US during 2007-2009 began in the mortgage lending markets. There are two potentially reasons and competing explanations of the origins of this crisis. The first is that the easy money policies of the Federal Reserve produced the US housing bubble that is at the core of todays financial crisis. The second and more credible explanation is that it was indeed lower interest rates that spawned the speculative euphoria. As found by Robert Schiller, the inflation-adjusted house prices had been remained constant in the period 1895-1995. But he also found that the real house prices in 2002 had rosen almost 30% after adjusting from inflation. This led him think that there would be such a phenomenon called housing bubble The rise in house prices caused large increases in demand for houses, but the supply remained the same. The increase in the demand is attributed to a number of factors such as: Low mortgage rates. Even though the US savings rate was low during the housing bubble, a flow of savings entering the US economy from countries such as Japan and China helped to keep mortgage rates low.   Relaxed standards for mortgage loans.  Standards for mortgage loans were changed as a result of a number of factors: new governmental policies aimed to adopt an increase in home-ownership rates among lower-income households and also greater competition in the mortgage loan market. Low short-term interest rates. The Fed funds rate began in 2001 at 6.25% and ended at 1.75% level at the same year. If the course of housing bubble in the US would have follow the same way as in Japan, the housing bubble would have collapse along with the collapse of the stock bubble in the years 2000-2002. Instead, the collapse of the stock bubble helped to feed the housing bubble, because the loss of faith in the stock market caused that a large number of people turned to investments in immobile property as a better alternative than the stock market. In addition, the economy was very slow recovering from the 2001 recession. The weakness of the recovery of economy, led the Federal Reserve Board to continue cutting interest rates, pushing the Fed funds rate in mid-2003 to a record of 50-years to the level of 1%, where it stayed for a year. In purchasing-power terms, a borrower during that period who merely invested in goods, whose prices merely rose at the rate of inflation, was prof iting in proportion to what he borrowed. In this way, unconsciously, Fed created a credit bubble. But Fed says that the reason of a very low interest rate choice in 2003 and 2004 was that they ignored the dollar weakness, higher interest rate choices abroad, the Taylor Rule[8]and the booming performance of the US and global economics. Affected by some factors, housing bubble burst in 2006. First, average hourly wages in U.S had remained stagnant or declined 2002 until 2009; in real term this represented a decline. Second, growth in the supply for houses tracked price rises. Third, as interest rate rose to a peak of 5.25%, adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) become less attractive and so removed many non-prime prospective buyers from the market. Fourth, as house prices fell, home-owners unable to take monthly payments, lost their houses in foreclosures, while banks and other mortgage-lenders lost hundreds of billions (unable to recover amounts loaned). By the beginning of 2007 these changes happened: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Home prices were at unprecedented levels. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Mortgage quality had declined substantially. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Asset-backed securitizations had spread well. This is determined as the beginning of the subprime mortgage crisis. But how did we get to the Financial Crisis? We will try to explain all the mechanism in the upcoming chapter. From the Financial Crisis to the Economic one Because of the rising of the interest rates due to the inflation, the debtors were unable to return the money to the banks. Based on the lending contract, if they couldnt pay the borrowed money back by the end of the maturity of the mortgage, they were obligated to consign their houses to the banks. Millions of home-owners lost their houses. Even though banks had the right of the ownership over the houses, the level of the bank reserves was minimal, because of the non-pay backed loans. In order to profit from the ownership of the houses banks tried to sell them, but the great supply of the houses derived an unpredicted result; people didnt need the houses and moreover, they couldnt pay for them. This led to the devaluation of the house prices. By the first  quarter of 2009, home prices had decreased by over 32% from their 2006 peak.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  However, home prices were still 50% higher than they had been in the first  quarter of 1998. Contrary to the housing bubbl e process, the house prices declined dramatically. Banks couldnt get enough money to cover the original inflated loans by selling the foreclosed properties. The bust quickly spread and the crisis had affected the general economy. At this moment distress among subprime mortgage lenders was visible. Some of the top investment banks either failed or were taken over. The deepening crisis in the subprime mortgage market had affected the investors confidence. Confidence was also shaken in many financial institutions so banks began to avoid engaging in any interbank lending activity. But those transactions are the engine of the entire economy. The credit crunch became a visible crisis when there was zero liquidity in the market. That is the point where subprime crisis crossed the border and turned into the credit crisis (crunch). On December 1, 2008, the National Bureau of Economic Research announced that the economy had entered into a recession in December of 2007. Real GDP increased by only 1.1% for the year 2008. Real GDP  decreased  at annual rates of 6.3% in the 4th quarter of 2008 and of 5.7% in the 1st  quarter of 2009. The unemployment rate increased from 4.9% in December of 2007 to 9.5% in June of 2009. From the Economic Crisis to the Global one In this chapter we will see how the economic crisis in the US became a global crisis and which are the channels in which it passed, by differing them in two parts: the transmission mechanism the developed countries and in the developing ones. This process is also called Contagion[9]and has a big importance to us, because it lets us understand how the global economy interacts. Developed Countries To explain how the economic crisis spread throughout the world lets take the example of two international trade giants such as Toyota (the worlds largest automobile producer, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan) and Caterpillar of Peoria, Illinois (the worlds largest producer of heavy construction equipment and vehicles). Toyotas US sales consists of one-third of the companys total sales. The current recession caused Toyotas sales in the United States to fall by 37 percent in December 2008 and by 32 percent in January 2009. This, not surprisingly, led to cutbacks in production, and so announced a reduction in employment. In the example of Caterpillar of Peoria, in the other hand, we conclude that its sales, of which 60 percent are typically outside North America, fall dramatically in late 2008. In anticipation of the global economy continuing to weaken in 2009, Caterpillar announced in January that it was reducing employment by 20,000 workers. By reducing the workforce these companies have indirectly decreased the demand on goods and services in both countries (US and Japan), leading to the global crisis. International trade (Import-Exports) between and among countries means that what happens in one nations economy can have a dramatic effect on that of others. Developing Countries The economic downturn in developed countries have significant impact on other worlds devel ­oping countries. But how can this happen? The channels of impact on develop ­ing countries include: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Trade and trade prices. Growth in China and India, as developed countries, has increased imports and pushed up the demand for goods and services, which has led to greater exports and higher prices, for example from African countries. Eventually, a slow down on the growth rate of the economy of China and India has led to a decrease of exports of the developing countries. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Remittances. There will be fewer economic migrants coming to developed countries when they are in a recession, so fewer remittances and also probably lower volumes of remittances per migrant. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Foreign direct investment (FDI). The process of securitization, as shown before, insured the investors with obligations and increased the level of investments within the US and abroad. But these obligations were based in risky borrowers, and so they never got their money back. The result is that they cant invest in the developing countries, causing an economic crisis there. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Commercial lending. Banks under pressure in developed countries may not be able to lend as much as they have done in the past. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Aid. Aid budgets are under pressure because of debt problems and weak fiscal positions, and this will be reflected in the developing countries economies. Each of these channels needs have direct consequences for growth and development. The impact on developing countries will vary. It will depend on the response in developed countries to the financial crisis and the slowdown, and the economic characteristics and policy responses, in developing countries. Conclusions In the end of this paper we would like to summarize some of the most important conclusions we found about the Financial Crisis. First, we have to mention that the crisis has its roots in some key factors; they all together led the American Economy and the World into the crisis. These factors include the War in Iraq, which contributed in the decline of the American economy as a whole. The reaction of the Fed by cheapening the credit led the banks to a risky initiative: the Subprime Mortgages. Followed by the securitization process, which on one hand creates diversification and liquidity, but on the other hand resulted to be risky, if not well understood by the investors, it created such a situation in which the debtors could not pay their money back. This caused the so called Housing Bubble. From the housing bubble the American economy passed to the devaluation of the house prices and the so called Crisis of Confidence. This is the point in which the financial crisis began leading the banks to a very low liquidity level and made it impossible for them to go on with their transactions. All this affected the American economy as a whole and transformed the crisis into an Economic Crisis. As the American economy dropped, the effects would be present in the other countries too. And this because channels in which the crisis was transmitted all over the world. These channels may be seen in two different point of views: in developed countries (which are strongly related with the American economy) and in developing countries(which are indirectly related with it). The most important channel through which the crisis spread is the foreign trade which includes import and export of the US to other countries and vice versa. But there are also other channels as remittances, foreign direct investments, commercial lending and aid, which delivered the crisis in all the countries around the world.